Type Species:

Chlamydatus bicinctus Van Duzee, 1914.

Diagnosis:

Males recognized by the mostly castaneous, more rarely brownish, background coloration of the dorsum with the basal third of the cuneus always contrasting creamy white and frequently with a more or less complete creamy-white transverse fascia on the hemelytra near apex of scutellum (fig. 1). Sexual dimorphism moderate to very pronounced, male with elongate to long hemelytra, parallel-sided; females ovate (fig. 1). Antennal segment 2 sexually dimorphic, cylindrical and slightly enlarged in males, more slender and tapered toward base in females. Vesica in male (fig. 2) more or less J-shaped, very weakly twisted, with one or two variously ornamented spines apically; secondary gonopore close to apex.

Tuxedo spp. are most similar in type of sexual dimorphism (including antennae) to Coniferocoris Schwartz and Schuh (1999) and Pinophylus Schwartz and Schuh (1999). The pattern of coloration in Tuxedo is most similar to that of Psallovius Henry (1999) and Ranzovius Distant (1893). The sexual dimorphism (including antennae) in Ranzovius is unique and unlike any of the genera here compared with Tuxedo. The structure of the male genitalia in Tuxedo is closest to that of Coniferocoris spp., but is also similar to that of Pinophylus spp., Psallovius spp, and Ranzovius spp. Whereas Coniferocoris spp. and Pinophylus spp. are restricted to the Pinaceae, and Ranzovius spp. are commensal in spider webs, all known species of Tuxedo breed on angiosperms.

Redescription:

Male: Macropterous, of small to relatively large size, elongate, nearly parallel-sided; range total length 2.69–3.74, range length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.84–2.39. COLORATION (fig. 1): Dorsum reddish or castaneous, with distinctive contrasting white or cream-colored maculae on cuneus and frequently on corium and cuneus, the transverse corial fascia just posterior to apex of scutellum. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 1, 3G, H, 4F, 5F): Dorsal body surface smooth, impunctate, polished, weakly to moderately shining. Dorsal vestiture of recumbent, simple, often shining setae; distal portion of dorsal surface of hind femur lacking row of spinules (fig. 5G). STRUCTURE: Head short, closely conforming to anterior margin of pronotum; posterior margin of vertex weakly elevated and rounded (figs. 3C, 4C, 5C); frons barely protruding beyond anterior margin of eyes; eyes large, head only slightly projecting below their ventral margin; antennae inserted just above ventral b margin of eyes (figs. 3A, 4A, 5A); antennal segment 2 cylindrical, not tapered, about the same diameter as antennal segment 1; labium reaching to about apex of hind coxae; claws elongate, smoothly curving, pulvilli small, located near base of claws, parempodia relatively short, setiform (figs. 3E, 4E, 5E); mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system as in figures 3D, 4D, and 5D; femoral trichobothria as in figure 4H; abdomen slender, genital capsule relatively small; sometimes ventral and posterior surface of genital capsule with a field of short, thickly set, peglike setae (fig. 5H). GENITALIA (fig. 2): Vesica more or less J- shaped, very weakly twisted, apically with one or two short spines; secondary gonopore very close to apex of vesica; phallotheca with apical portion elongate and slender, at nearly right angle to body of structure (figs. 3F, 4G); left paramere boat-shaped; right paramere lanceolate, with a nipplelike apex.

Female: Small to moderately robust, elongate ovoid; range total length 2.40–3.48, range length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.67–2.43. COLORATION (fig. 1): Pattern of coloration often similar to male, but frequently showing sexual dimorphism, especially in coloration of antennal segments 1 and 2. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE: Body form more compact than in male; submacropterous, hemelytra just covering abdomen; eyes smaller than in male, frons more prominently bulging anterior to eyes, head projecting below eyes by about one-third height of eye (figs. 3B, 4B, 5B); antennal segment 2 more slender than in male, tapering toward base.

Hosts:

Most Tuxedo spp. breed on Ceanothus spp. (Rhamnaceae), Cercocarpus spp. (Rosaceae), or Quercus spp. (Fagaceae), with a single species known from Fremontodendron spp. (Sterculiaceae). All other recorded hosts occur with much lower frequency; some certainly do not represent breeding records.

Distribution:

Southern British Columbia, Canada, in the north, south to northern Baja California, Mexico, and east to western Colorado and New Mexico.

Discussion:

Schuh (2001) noted the similarity in coloration of Tuxedo spp. with species of Sejanus Distant from the Indo-West Pacific (see Schuh, 1984), suggesting by way of implication a possible placement it the Leucophoropterini. As mentioned in the diagnosis, the form of the male genitalia in Tuxedo is very similar to that of species placed in Coniferocoris and also has many similarities with that of Psallovius and Ranzovius. The type of sexual dimorphism is very similar to that of Coniferocoris and Pinophylus, although the genitalia of Pinophylus are not so similar to those of Tuxedo as are those of Coniferocoris, Psallovius, and Ranzovius.

Henry (1999) compared Psallovius and Ranzovius, treated the two as sister groups, and provided a phylogenetic analysis. Coniferocoris, Pinophylus, and Tuxedo were not documented at that time, but it would appear that the five genera may well form a monophyletic group based on the pattern of coloration and the form of the male genitalia. Henry (1999) rooted his tree with what he referred to as a “Plagiognathus like” ancestor. Henry (1999) assumed that Psallovius and Ranzovius were members of the Phylini. The issue of whether they are members of the Phylini or the Leucophoropterini (as implied by Schuh) is a subject that could benefit from a more broad-based analysis, something that I do not propose undertaking at the present time.

All diagnoses in the present paper are written as applying only to male specimens. A key to the males is provided. The process of identifying females is best conducted through association with males. The reasons are that whereas the males of three of the known species have dark-colored antennae, all species but cruralis have pale antennae in the females, offering much less variation with which to discriminate the taxa. The coloration of the femora will assist in the descrimination of females of some species.

Holotype: Microphylellus minor Knight:

Male: “Fresno, Calif., June 20, 1926, C. J. Drake.” Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.

Diagnosis:

Recognized by the very small size in combination with the pale antennae, the cream-colored fascia across the hemelytra somewhat weakly developed on the corium, the entirely castaneous hind femora, and the habit of breeding on Ceanothus spp. and Cercocarpus spp. Most similar in appearance to T. drakei and T. susansolomonae, but distinguished from drakei by the hind femur in that species being castaneous only on the distal half, and from both by their slightly to significantly larger size, as well as different host preferences. Vesica in male also distinctive, with a single, short, bifid apical spine very similar to that found in drakei, but readily distinguished from that species through comparison of the overall conformation of the vesica.

Redescription:

Male: Small; total length 2.76–2.92, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.84–2.02, width pronotum 0.79–0.91. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration castaneous; basal one-third to one-half of cuneus creamy white; clavus always with a rounded pale area just posterior to apex of scutellum, sometimes more extensive and nearly parallel-sided and extending onto adjacent corium and forming a more-or-less continuous, pale, transverse fascia reaching to the R-M vein; antennal segments 1 and 2 usually entirely pale, segments 3 and 4 appearing darker; labial segments 2 and 3 pale; all coxae, fore- and middle femora, and all tibiae pale; hind femora entirely castaneous. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 1, 3G, H): Pronotum moderately shining, remainder of dorsum weakly shining. STRUCTURE: Body appearing somewhat flattened; head as in figure 3A, C; meso- metathoracic pleuron as figure 3D; claws as figure 3E. GENITALIA (figs. 2, 3F): Body of vesica relatively stout in comparison to most other Tuxedo spp., most similar to Tuxedo drakei, but shorter and with basal region more strongly curving than in that species; vesica with a single, bifid apical spine extending only short distance beyond secondary gonopore and envelope of vesica, of form very similar to that of T. drakei; apical vesical spine in T. cruralis also of similar appearance, but longer and curving, and vesica not so stout as in that species.

Female: Small; total length 2.40–2.62, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.67– 1.82, width pronotum 0.82–0.90. COLORATION (fig. 1): As in male, except transverse fascia at apex of scutellum always broad and intense on clavus and most frequently complete and extending to and including costal vein. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE (fig. 3B): As in generic description.

Hosts:

Ceanothus spp. (Rhamnaceae) and Cercocarpus spp. (Rosaceae). Also recorded from Phoradendron spp., although this may not be a breeding host.

Distribution:

Central Oregon and southern Idaho south to San Diego County, California, and east to southern Utah.

Discussion:

Van Duzee (1914) described Chlamydatus bicinctus from “numerous specimens taken on Ceanothus in the spring, March to June”. I have examined 4 male and 15 female specimens collected by Van Duzee; one male is labeled lectotype, one female as allotype, the remainder being labeled as paratypes. The “type” labels were apparently placed on the specimens by Van Duzee subsequent to the publication of the description of the taxon, but my research suggests that no lectotype designation was ever published. I am therefore formally designating the male specimen from the California Academy of Sciences bearing a red lectotype label as the actual lectotype for this species.

Knight (1929) indicated that C. J. Drake had collected the nominal species bicinctus Van Duzee and minor Knight on different hosts at the same locality at Fresno, California. According to Knight, his species minor was smaller, with a more porrect head, and with the tylus projecting distinctly forward, and with the vertex also somewhat wider than in bincinctus. It is my view that Knight was certainly correct that Drake had collected two species at Fresno on June 20, 1926. Knight, however, did not make it clear how he fixed the identity of bicinctus. Neither did he say how it was that he knew that Drake had collected what he thought were different species of bugs on different plants. The specimen labels contain no such information and there is no chance that two species of this genus could be distinquished as different in the field except by the fact that they occupied different hosts. I have compared the Van Duzee material of T. bicinctus mentioned above with the holotype and allotype of minor and conclude that the species Knight identified as bicinctus is actually undescribed, and that his species minor is actually bicinctus, and therefore a junior synonym. The identity of bicinctus sensu Knight is discussed below under Tuxedo drakei, new species.

Pinto (1982) described the phenology of T. bicinctus on Ceanothus crassifolius at a site in Riverside County in southern California.

Specimens Examined:

USA: California: Alameda Co.: Oakland, June 1, 1935, E. S. Ross, 1♂, 2♀ (CAS). Butte Co.: Oroville, May 1, 1925, H. H. Keifer, Ceanothus cuneatus (Rhamnaceae), 5♂, 2♀ (CAFA, CAS). Fresno Co.: Fresno, June 20, 1926, C. J. Drake, 1♀ (CNC). Fresno, June 29, 1926, C. J. Drake, 1♂, 2♀ (USNM). Humboldt Co.: Beatrice, June 30, 1940, B. P. Bliven, 2♂ (CAS). Blocksburg, June 24, 1951, B. P. Bliven, 1♂ (CAS). Bridgeville, June 20, 1959, Kelton and Madge, 1♂ (CNC). Carlotta, July 23, 1967, 1♂ (CAS). McCann, July 19, 1959, Kelton and Madge, 1♂ (CNC). Redcrest, July 8, 1973, B. P. Bliven, 1♂ (CAS). Kern Co.: 20 km W of Wofford Heights on Rt 155, 1500 m, July 26, 1999, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae), 3♀ (CNC). 7 mi W of Wofford Heights on Rt 155, 1520 m, June 26, 1999, M. D. Schwartz, Arctostaphylos sp. (Ericaceae), 1♀ (CNC). near Kernville, Headquarters Camp, Sequoia National Forest, June 18, 1993, W. F. Chamberlin, 1♀ (TAMU). Lassen Co.: 9 mi W of McArthur, 1280 m, July 6, 1979, R. T. and Joe Schuh, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae), 2♂, 2♀ (AMNH). Blue Lake, July 19, 1947, R. L. Usinger, 1♀ (UCB). Los Angeles Co.: Claremont, C. F. Baker, 1♂ (HELSINKI). Flintridge, May 10, 1955, C. L. Hogue, 1♂ (LACM). Los Angeles, April 1, 1900, Koebele, 1♀ (CAS). Pasadena, June 5, 1909, Grinnell, 1♀ (CAS). Marin Co.: Mt. Tamalpais, June 28, 1918, Mariposa Co.: Yosemite National Park, Glacier Point, 7214 ft, July 3, 1946, H. P. Chandler, 1♂ (CAS). Medera Co.: Coarsegold, June 29, 1946, R. L. Usinger, Phoradendron sp.(Loranthaceae), 5♀ (UCB). Mendocino Co.: Eel River R.S., Mendocino National Forest, June 12, 1972, J. Doyen, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae), 7♀ (UCB). Modoc Co.: Fandango Pass Summit, Warner Mts., 1890 m, July 3, 1979, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 10♂, 17♀ (AMNH). Monterey Co.: Bryson, April 14, 1917, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♀ (CAS). Napa Co.: Soda Creek, May 3, 1931, H. H. Keifer, Cercocarpus sp. (Rosaceae), 4♂ (CAFA). Orange Co.: 1.5 mi E of San Juan Campground, Cleveland Natl. Forest, May 12, 1978, J. D. Pinto and R. T. Schuh, 1♂ (AMNH). Riverside Co.: Menifee Valley (hills on W end), 1800 ft, April 29, 1979– May 22, 1979, J. D. Pinto, Ceanothus crassifolius (Rhamnaceae), 29♂, 32♀ (UCR). Pinon Flat, San Jacinto Mts., May 21, 1940, R. L. Usinger, Phoradendron juniperinum (Loranthaceae), 1♂, 4♀ (UCB). San Jacinto Mountains, jct of Poppet Flat Rd and Rt 243, 1270 m, May 20, 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus sp. (Rosaceae), 4♂ (CNC). SE of Murietta, road to Tenaja Fire Station, 1500 ft, May 13, 1978, J. D. Pinto, 1♀ (UCR). Tenaja Road W of Murietta, 410 m, May 12, 1978, J. D. Pinto and R. T. Schuh, Ceanothus crassifolia (Rhamnaceae), 15♂, 14♀ (AMNH). San Bernardino Co.: Cajon Pass, jct Rts I-15 and 138, 1030 m, May 2, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae), 7♂ (AMNH). Lytle Creek, June 8, 1928, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♂ (CAS). San Diego Co.: Laguna Mts., Kitchen Creek Rd 1.4 mi N of Rt 8, 1100 m, May 21, 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 1♂, 2♀ (CNC). No specific locality, March 29, 1914–June 1, 1914, E. P. Van Duzee, paratypes: 1♂, 11♀ (CAS). San Diego, May 17, 1913, W. S. Wright, 1♂, 3♀ (CAS). Tecate Peak, 1885 ft, June 2, 1980, Brown and Faulkner, 2♂ (SDNH). San Luis Obispo Co.: 10.5 mi SE of Santa Margarita, May 16, 1980, J. D. Pinto, 1♀ (UCR). Arroyo Grande Creek SW of San Luis Obispo, 160 m, May 8, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Ceanothus cuneatus (Rhamnaceae), 2♂ (AMNH). San Mateo Co.: Lake Pilarcitos, June 25, 1966, C. W. O'Brien, 7♂, 7♀ (UCB). Santa Barbara Co.: Santa Cruz Island, Can del Medio, April 28, 1969, D. S. Horning, 1♂ (UCD). Upper Oso Campground off Rt 154, 310 m, May 7, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae), 2♂, 10♀ (AMNH). Shasta Co.: 1 mi E of Montgomery Creek, May 27, 1968, R. M. Brown, 1♀ (CAS). 7.6 mi N of Manton, 1138 m, July 10, 1980, R. T. Schuh and G. M. Stonedahl, Cercocarpus alnifolius (Rosaceae), 2♀ (AMNH). Hat Creek P.O., June 20, 1955, J. W. McSwain, 1♂, 6♀ (UCB). Paynes Creek, June 18, 1959, Kelton and Madge, 9♀ (CNC). Siskiyou Co.: 2 mi SE of Lava Beds Natl. Monument, 5000 ft, June 26, 1979, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 3♂, 5♀ (OSU). Lava Beds Natl. Monument near Headquarters, 1560 m, June 26, 1979, R. T. and Joe Schuh, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 2♂, 10♀ (AMNH). McCloud, July 23, 1918, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♀ (CAS). Medicine Lake Road, 4800 ft, June 26, 1979, G. M. Stonedahl, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 9♀ (OSU). Sisson, July 25, 1918, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♂, 4♀ (CAS). Idaho: Owyhee Co.: Silver City, 6200 ft, July 8, 1973, P. W. Oman, 1♂ (OSU). Nevada: Clark Co.: Charleston Peak, July 21, 1982, J. T. Polhemus, Cercocarpus sp. (Rosaceae), 2♂, 7♀ (JTP). Oregon: Grant Co.: Malheur National Forest, T14S R33E Sec 15, July 21, 1979, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 5♂, 8♀ (AMNH). Harney Co.: 11 mi E of Frenchglen, 6000 ft, July 16, 1957, J. D. Lattin, Cercocarpus sp. (Rosaceae), 4♂, 18♀ (OSU). Klamath Co.: 28 mi SE of jct Rts 97 and 31, 4910 ft, July 25, 1979, M. D. Schwartz and G. M. Stonedahl, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 6♂, 3♀ (AMNH). 28 mi SE of jct Rts 97 on Hwy 31, 4910 ft, July 25, 1979, M. D. Schwartz, G. M. Stonedahl, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 6♂, 5♀ (OSU). Base of Bly Mountain, June 25, 1961, Joe Schuh, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 1♀ (AMNH). Lake Co.: 24 mi SE of LaPine, T24S R13E Sec. 24, July 12, 1957, G. F. Kraft, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 1♀ (OSU). Wheeler Co.: 4.5 mi S of Mitchell on Summit Prairie Road, June 22, 1979, R. T. Schuh, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 1♀ (AMNH). 4.5 mi S of Mitchell on Summit Prairie Road, June 27, 1979, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 2♂ (OSU). Utah: Grand Co.: 11 mi SE of Rt 163 toward Dead Horse Point on Rt 313, 5200 ft, June 11, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 1♂, 1♀ (AMNH).

Holotype:

Plagiognathus diversus cruralis Van Duzee: Male: [USA]: “Tunnel Road, Alameda Co., Cal., # 1, 13-V-17, W. M. Giffard Collector”. Deposited in the California Academy of Sciences.

Diagnosis:

Distinctive among Tuxedo species in having all of the femora entirely infuscate. Most similar to T. flavicollis and T. susansolomonae in the dark coloration of the antennae in the males, but those species with the femora pale at least basally; differing from susansolomonae by the partial to complete, pale, transverse fascia on the hemelytra posterior to the apex of the scutellum in that species; differing from flavicollis by that species having the base of the corium entirely dark.

Description:

Male: Relatively small to medium-sized; total length 2.77–3.15, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.91–2.17, width pronotum 0.84–0.95. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration brownish black, rarely lighter; basal one-third to one- half of cuneus creamy white, corium frequently pale at extreme base, pale area sometimes more extensive, rarely entending onto basal area of clavus; all antennal segments black; labial segments 2 and 3 pale; all coxae pale, all femora and tibiae infuscate. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 1, 4F): Pronotum weakly to moderately shining, remainder of dorsum weakly shining. STRUCTURE: Body weakly cylindrical in cross section, appearing somewhat flattened when viewed from above; head as in figure 4A, C; meso- and metathoracic pleura as figure 4D; femoral trichobothria as in figure 4H; claws as figure 4E. GENITALIA (figs. 2, 4G): Body of vesica relatively slender; vesica with a single, bifid apical spine extending well beyond secondary gonopore and envelope of vesica, of form similar to that of T. bicinctus and T. drakei, but spine longer and distinctly curving, unlike condition in those species.

Female: Relatively small to medium- sized; total length 2.83–3.13, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 2.03–2.26, width pronotum 0.95–1.06. COLORATION (fig. 1): Infrequently, as in male, dorsum largely dark with contrasting pale base of cuneus and base of corium weakly pale; more frequently dorsum partially to largely pale, but with calli, posterior half of corium, and distal half of cuneus dark brown and contrasting with remainder. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE (fig. 4B): As in generic description.

Host:

Collected most frequently breeding on Ceanothus spp. (Rhamnaceae), less frequently on Cercocarpus spp. (Rosaceae). Also known from Quercus spp. (Fagaceae), Shepherdia sp. (Elaeagnaceae), Prunus sp. (Rosaceae), Salix sp. (Salicaceae), and Simmondsia sp. (Simmondsiaceae).

Distribution:

Southern British Columbia, Canada, in the north, south to northern Baja California, Mexico, and east to western Colorado and New Mexico.

Discussion:

As noted by Schuh (2001), this species was originally described as a variety of Plagiognathus diversus Van Duzee (= Europiella artemisiae (Becker)) by Van Duzee (1917). In an earlier paper Van Duzee (1914) used the name Psallus breviceps Reuter (1909), apparently in reference to T. cruralis; Van Duzee (1914) noted that Dr. Reuter apparently had two pale females before him when describing the species from Texas. Van Duzee's usage of the name breviceps seems to have been based solely on his reading of the literature, yet his indication that Reuter had examined two pale females contradicts information in the original description, where Reuter makes explicit reference only to the attributes of males and indicates that he had only two examples of the species, from “Texas”. After correspondence with Herbert Zettel and I. M. Kerzhner, I have not been able to locate the specimens examined by Reuter, which were indicated as being deposited in the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna. This does not mean that they do not exist, but only that their identity has not yet been established. So, I am treating the name Psallus breviceps Reuter as a nomen dubium until such time as its identity can be verified.

Pinto (1982) also used the name Psallus breviceps, this time in explicit reference to T. cruralis. Pinto's usage was based on identifications provided by T. J. Henry. I am uncertain on whose ientification Henry's concept was based, for during the course of this study I have not located any specimens bearing identification labels reading “Psallus breviceps” written by Van Duzee, Henry, or any other author.

Even in the absence of Reuter's specimens, it seems quite certain that application of the name Psallus breviceps Reuter to what I am calling Tuxedo cruralis is in error. After extensive searching of existing collections from the western United States, and after having done extensive collecting in all of the western states, including western Texas, I have found no evidence to indicate that T. cruralis occurs in Texas. Thus, I am treating the use of Psallus breviceps by Van Duzee (1914) and Pinto (1982) as misidentifications.

This is the most widely distributed of the Tuxedo species and has been collected on the widest range of hosts, although is breeds most consistently on Ceanothus spp. and Cercocarpus spp.

Specimens Examined:

CANADA: British Columbia: Oliver, Vaseaux Lake, June 26, 1959, L. A. Kelton, 1♀ (CNC). MEXICO: Baja California Norte: 1.5 km W of Parque Sierra San Pedro Martir, 2090 m, April 25, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Ceanothus cuneatus (Rhamnaceae), 3♂, 4♀ (AMNH). 12 mi SE of El Rosario, March 25, 1979, J. D. Pinto, Simmondsia sp. (Simmondsiaceae), 8♂, 16♀ (UCR). 13 mi N of Punta Prieta, March 26, 1979, J. D. Pinto, 1♀ (UCR). 2 mi W of Las Encinas, 5200 ft, March 18, 1972, J. Powell, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 1♂, 1♀ (UCB). 2 mi W of Las Encinas, Sierra San Pedro Martyr, 3600 ft, March 18, 1972, J. Doyen, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 3♂, 10♀ (UCB). 6 mi E of Ojos Negros, April 16, 1983, D. K. Faulkner, 1♂, 1♀ (SDNH). 7 mi SE of Maneadero, 100 ft, March 25, 1973, J. Doyen, 2♂, 2♀ (UCB). 7 mi W of Parque Sierra San Pedro Martir, 1720 m, April 25, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Ceanothus cuneatus (Rhamnaceae), 10♂, 10♀ (AMNH). 7 mi W of Parque Sierra San Pedro Martir, 1720 m, April 25, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Ceanothus tomentosus (Rhamnaceae), 7♂, 5♀ (AMNH). La Mission, Rio San Miguel, February 27, 1982, Brown and Faulkner, 1♂, 3♀ (SDNH). Las Encinas, Sierra San Pedro Martyr, May 25, 1980, Brown and Faulkner, 3♂, 4♀ (SDNH). Rancho El Progreso, March 25, 1979, E. M. Fisher, 1♀ (UCR). USA: Arizona: Graham Co.: Graham Mountains, Forest Road 808, T9S R25E, 5000 ft, April 25, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Ceanothus greggii (Rhamnaceae), 2♂, 4♀ (AMNH). Maricopa Co.: Reavis Ranch Trail, 3600 ft, April 19, 1982, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, Quercus turbinella (Fagaceae), 7♂, 5♀ (JTP). Yavapai Co.: 1 mi E of Yarnell, April 29, 1981, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae), 30♂, 8♀ (JTP). California: Alameda Co.: Berkeley, April 6, 1972, H. L. Jones, Cercocarpus traskiae (Rosaceae), 3♂, 3♀ (CAFA). Oakland, hills back of city, April 3, 1931, E. C. Zimmerman, 1♂, 5♀ (UCB). Alpine Co.: 4 mi SE of Markleesville, 8150 ft, June 19, 1966, W. Gagne, 1♂ (UCB). Butte Co.: Oroville, April 30, 1927, H. H. Keifer, Salix hindsiana (Salicaceae), 20♂, 18♀ (CAS). Oroville, April 30, 1927, H. H. Keifer, Salix hindsiana (Salicaceae), 1♂, 1♀ (CNC). Yankee Hill, May 8, 1928, H. H. Keifer, Ceanothus cuneatus (Rhamnaceae), 2♂ (CAS). Calaveras Co.: Mokelumne Hill, April 17, 1930, R. L. Usinger, 6♂, 8♀ (UCB). Contra Costa Co.: Moraga, May 13, 1977, R. F. Denno, 1♂ (UCD). Humboldt Co.: 2 mi S of Ettersburg, May 22, 1976, J. Hafernik, 1♂ (UCB). 3 mi E of Benbow, May 20, 1976, R. Dietz and J. Powell, 4♂, 7♀ (UCB). Beatrice, June 21, 1959, Kelton and Madge, 15♂, 10♀ (CNC). Beatrice, May 30, 1940, B. P. Bliven, 6♀ (CAS). Blocksburg, June 11, 1933–June 10, 1951, B. P. Bliven, 1♂ (CAS). Bridgeville, June 20, 1959, Kelton and Madge, 7♂ (CNC). Bridgeville, June 20, 1959, Kelton and Madge, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 6♀ (CNC). Dinsmores, June 25, 1939, B. P. Bliven, 3♂ (CAS). Garberville, May 5, 1940, B. P. Bliven, 2♂ (CAS). McCann, June 19, 1959, Kelton and Madge, 1♀ (CNC). Redway, May 15, 1938, B. P. Bliven, 1♂, 3♀ (CAS). Samoa, June 6, 1937, B. P. Bliven, 6♂, 7♀ (CAS). Shively, June 21, 1959, Kelton and Madge, 4♂, 7♀ (CNC). Kern Co.: 2.5 mi NNE of Caliente, April 28, 1978, J. D. Pinto, 1♂ (UCR). 4.5 mi E of Onyx, April 21, 1982, J. D. Pinto and R. K. Velten, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 4♀ (UCR). 5 mi N of Kernville, May 15, 1968, S. W. Earnshaw, 2♂, 4♀ (UCB). 7 mi W of Wofford Heights on Rt 155, 1520 m, June 26, 1999, May 18, 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae), 11♀ (CNC). Havilah, April 28, 1978, J. D. Pinto, 3♂ (UCR). Lake Isabella, Main Dam Campground, April 24, 1980, M. D. Schwartz and L. Russell, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae), 2♀ (OSU). Tehachapi Mts., Antelope Canyon, 4800–5200 ft, May 15, 1976, J. D. Pinto, Quercus turbinella (Fagaceae), 2♂ (UCR). Walker Pass on Rt 178, 1600 m, May 18, 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 14♂, 4♀ (CNC). Walker Pass, 5250 ft, May 30, 1981, J. T. Polhemus, 1♂ (JTP). Lassen Co.: Susanville, June 17, 1959, Kelton and Madge, 1♀ (CNC). Los Angeles Co.: Claremont, C. F. Baker, 1♂ (USNM). Devils Canyon, June 16, 1948, E. I. Schlinger, 1♂ (UCD). Malibu Canyon, February 27, 1966, 3♂ (LACM). Mt. Wilson trail, upper half, June 5, 1915, H. Morrison, 2♂ (USNM). Pasadena, June 5, 1909, Grinnell, 7♂, 7♀ (CAS). Marin Co.: Mill Valley, April 25, 1926, M. C. Van Duzee, 1♂, 1♀ (CAS). Phoenix Lake, May 14, 1927, H. H. Keifer, Ceanothus sorediatus (Rhamnaceae), 1♂, 4♀ (CAS). Ross, April 28, 1918, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♂ (CAS). Ross, April 28, 1918, J. C. Bradley, 1♂, 3♀ (CU). Mendocino Co.: 15 mi W of Laytonville, June 15, 1972, D. Veirs, 1♂ (UCB). 3 mi N of Branscomb, May 30, 1980, A. E. Hajek, 1♂ (UCB). Hopland Experiment Station, 2500 ft, May 23, 1971, C. B. Phillip, 1♂ (CAS). Modoc Co.: Fandango Pass Summit, Warner Mts., 1890 m, July 3, 1979, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 5♀ (AMNH). Monterey Co.: 6.5 mi S of Big Sur, April 30, 1977, A. J. Mayor, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 8♂, 8♀ (UCR). Chew's Ridge, 5100 ft, June 23, 1967, R. G. Denno, 1♂ (UCD). Palo Colorado Road, 8 mi SSE of Hiway 1, Ventural Wildlands Trail, April 20, 1980, M. D. Schwartz and L. Russell, Ceanothus cuneatus (Rhamnaceae), 12♂, 18♀ (OSU). Napa Co.: 2 mi NNE of Anguin, N side of Howell Mt., 1300 ft, May 1, 1986, H. B. Leech, 1♀ (CAS). 7 mi S of Pope Valley, April 24, 1971, J. Marsh, 1♂ (UCD). Soda Creek, May 3, 1932, H. H. Keifer, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae), 3♀ (CAFA). Nevada Co.: 8 mi S of Grass Valley, May 16, 1930, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♀ (CAS). Orange Co.: Santiago Canyon, April 2, 1935, E. L. Paddock, Ceanothus megacarpus (Rhamnaceae), 14♂, 5♀ (USNM). Santiago Canyon, April 2, 1936– April 14, 1935, E. L. Paddock, Ceanothus megacarpus (Rhamnaceae), 2♂ (CNC). Riverside Co.: Menifee Valley (hills on W end), February 28, 1985–April 20, 1978, J. D. Pinto, Ceanothus crassifolius (Rhamnaceae), 51♂, 50♀ (UCR). Milepost 29 on Rt 243, April 21, 1980, M. D. Schwartz and L. Russell, Cercocarpus sp. (Rosaceae), 7♂, 3♀ (OSU). North Fork of San Jacinto River, San Jacinto Mts., Hwy 74, February 29, 1976, A. J. Mayor, Ceanothus cuneatus (Rhamnaceae), 7♂, 3♀ (UCR). NW of Murietta, road to Tenaja Fire Station, May 13, 1978, J. D. Pinto, 1♂ (UCR). San Jacinto Mountains, jct of Poppet Flat Rd and Rt 243, 1270 m, May 20, 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus sp. (Rosaceae), 1♀ (CNC). Sacramento Co.: Fair Oaks, April 5, 1931, H. H. Keifer, 1♂ (CAFA). Santa Barbara Co.: Santa Cruz Island, Prisoners Harbor, February 5, 1979, J. Powell, Ceanothus insularis (Rhamnaceae), 2♂, 2♀ (UCB). San Benito Co.: Hwy 25 S of Paicines, March 17, 1986, C. B. Barr, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 2♂ (LSU). Pinnacles National Monument, April 6, 1951, E. J. Taylor, 8♂, 6♀ (UCD). Pinnacles National Monument, April 6, 1951, E. J. Taylor, Ceanothus cuneatus (Rhamnaceae), 1♀ (CAFA). San Bernardino Co.: Cajon Pass, jct Rts I-15 and 138, 1030 m, May 2, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae), 20♀ (AMNH). jct of Black Canyon and Cedar Canyon Roads, 3000 ft, May 18, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Prunus fasciculata (Rosaceae), 15♂, 9♀ (AMNH). San Bernardino Mts. above Mountain Home, 440 m, May 11, 1978, R. T. Schuh and J. D. Pinto, 1♂ (AMNH). San Bernardino, March 6, 1973, E. L. Paddock, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 1♂ (CAFA). San Diego Co.: 2 mi SE of Santa Ysabel, May 5, 1983, J. D. Pinto, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 1♂, 2♀ (UCR). Cibbets Flat Campground on Kimball Creek Road, 1280 m, April 29, 1985, R. T. Schuh, Ceanothus greggii (Rhamnaceae), 10♂, 45♀ (AMNH). Decanso Junction on st. rt. 79, May 16, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae), 24♂, 24♀ (AMNH). Laguna Mountain Rd (Old Hwy 80) just SE of jct with Rt 8, 1180 m, May 21, 2000, M. D. Schwartz Prunus fasciculata, 1♀ (CNC). McCain Valley, May 3, 1980, Brown and Faulkner, 2♀ (SDNH). Mt. Laguna, June 21, 1963, J. Powell, 1♂ (UCB). No specific locality, April 6, 1913–May 12, 1913, E. P. Van Duzee, 7♂, 20♀ (CAS). Otay Mountain, May 18, 1978, D. K. Faulkner, 6♂, 6♀ (SDNH). Pine Valley, 1190 m, April 29, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae), 15♂, 15♀ (AMNH). San Luis Obispo Co.: 5 mi NS of Santa Margarita, May 16, 1980, J. D. PInto, 1♂, 2♀ (UCR). Atascadero, April 23, 1951, R. M. Bohart, 1♂ (UCD). Nacimiento Dam, April 14, 1967, P. A. Rude, 1♂, 1♀ (UCB). Santa Barbara Co.: 3 mi N of San Marcos Pass, Los Padres Natl. Forest, March 21, 1996, A. R. Gillogly, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 3♀ (TAMU). Los Prietos, March 14, 1967, P. A. Opler, 8♂, 11♀ (UCB). Santa Cruz Island, Avalon Canyon, March 31, 1968, J. Powell, 3♂ (UCB). Santa Cruz Island, Central Valley, April 23, 1976, J. D. Pinto, Cercocarpus sp. (Rosaceae), 22♂, 8♀ (UCR). Santa Cruz Island, Pebbly Beach Canyon, March 31, 1968, P. A. Opler, 2♂, 2♀ (UCB). Santa Cruz Island, UC Station Headquarters, February 3, 1979, J. Powell, 2♂ (UCB). Santa Cruz Island, Upper Central Valley, 1000 ft, March 15, 1969, P. A. Opler, Ceanothus arboreus (Rhamnaceae), 3♂ Santa Clara Co.: 5 mi E of San Jose, Alum Rock Park, May 16, 1962, J. Doyen, 1♂ (UCB). Americh Road, April 21, 1996, M. Isaak, 1♂ (USNM). South end of Mines Road, 2350 ft, April 23, 1972, H. B. Leech, Ceanothus cuneatus (Rhamnaceae), 3♂, 1♀ (CAS). Stanford University Campus, April 29, 1928, R. L. Usinger, 2♀ (CNC). Santa Cruz Co.: 2 mi E of Soquel at Bates Creek, May 2, 1971, J. Doyen, 2♂ (UCB). Felton, June 12, 1952, W. H. Lange, 1♂ (UCD). Shasta Co.: 12 mi W of Whiskeytown, May 14, 1997, W. F. Chamberlin, 1♂, 2♀ (TAMU). 7 mi S of Cottonwood, May 1, 1971, P. W. Oman, 1♀ (OSU). Castle Crag, June 25, 1939, Schuh and Gray, 1♀ (OSU). Hat Creek, May 11, 1944, W. F. Chamberlin, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 1♂ (TAMU). Siskiyou Co.: 1 mi SE of Bartle, June 8, 1974, J. Doyen, 1♂ (UCB). Tehama Co.: 0.3 mi N of Red Bluff, 304 ft, April 14, 1981, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♂, 7♀ (AMNH). Red Bluff, Dog Island State Park, April 29, 1984, D. S. Chandler, 3♂, 1♀ (UNHAMP). Tulare Co.: 10 mi S of Fairview, May 2, 1964, C. A. Toschi, 1♂ (UCB). 10.3 mi N of Lemon Cove on J21, March 25, 1981, M. D. Schwartz, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae), 16♂, 5♀ (AMNH). 5.7 mi N of Kernville, Hospital Flat Campground, April 29, 1978, J. D. Pinto, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 5♂, 5♀ (UCR). 9 mi S of Fairview, April 30, 1964, R. L. Langston, 2♂, 2♀ (AMNH). Potwisha, 3 mi NE Ash Mountain Headquarters, May 3, 1979, J. A. DeBenedictis, 1♂ (UCB). Sequoia National Park, May 29, 1949, W. D. Pierce, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 3♀ (LACM). Tuolumne Co.: 10 mi E of Buck Meadows, May 11, 1997, W. F. Chamberlin, 1♂, 1♀ (TAMU). Sonora, May 23, 1930, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♂ (CAS). Ventura Co.: 2 mi E of Lake Sherwood, March 16, 1967, P. A. Opler, 1♂ (UCB). Casitas Reserve, N end, March 15, 1967, P. A. Opler, 1♂, 5♀ (UCB). Ojai, April 24, 1935, C. E. Norland, 1♂ (LACM). Westlake Village, May 16, 1964, E. L. Paddock, 1♀ (CAFA). Yolo Co.: Putah Canyon, April 3, 1960, D. R. Miller, 1♂ (UCD). Yuba Co.: Dry Creek, Spenceville Wildlife Area, May 6, 1980, J. A. Powell, 2♂ (UCB). Colorado: Mesa Co.: Colorado National Monument, Liberty Cap Trailhead, 6000 ft, June 10, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus montanus (Rosaceae), 7♂, 51♀ (AMNH). Nevada: Elko Co.: Ruby Mts., Lomoille Canyon, E of Powerhouse Picnic Area, 6000 ft, June 16, 1983, R. T. Schuh and M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 8♂, 18♀ (AMNH). Washoe Co.: Verdi, July 9, 1967, W. Gagne, 1♂ (UCD). White Pine Co.: 8.3 mi N of Hwy 50 on Steptoe Creek Rd, 7580 ft, July 19, 1980, G. M. Stonedahl, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 20♀ (OSU). Wheeler Peak Road W of Baker, Humboldt Natl. Forest, 2609 m, July 14, 1980, R. T. Schuh and G. M. Stonedahl, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rhamnaceae), 44♂, 81♀ (AMNH). New Mexico: Sandoval Co.: East Fork Jemez River, La Concha Campground, 8300 ft, August 14, 1972, R. E. Orth, 1♂ (UCR). Oregon: Harney Co.: 11 mi E of Frenchglen, 6000 ft, July 16, 1957, J. D. Lattin, Cercocarpus sp. (Rosaceae), 1♀ (OSU). Josephine Co.: 12 mi W of Cave Junction, June 12, 1979, R. T. Schuh, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae), 1♀ (AMNH). Wheeler Co.: 4.5 mi S of Mitchell on Summit Prairie Road, June 22, 1979, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 5♂, 15♀ (OSU). 4.5 mi S of Mitchell on Summit Prairie Road, June 22, 1979, R. T. Schuh, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 13♂, 13♀ (AMNH). Utah: Cache Co.: 5 mi NE of Logan, Green Canyon (trail), T12N R2E Sec. 21, 6000–6500 ft, July 3, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 6♂, 7♀ (AMNH). Green Canyon Trail, 6500 ft, June 27, 1980, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae), 5♂, 8♀ (OSU). Carbon Co.: 8 mi NE of Helper, Price Canyon Rec. Area, T12E R9E, 8000 ft, July 9, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 3♂, 1♀ (AMNH). San Juan Co.: 27 mi E of Blanding at MP 101 on Rt 95 near Mule Tower Ruins, 6500 ft, June 12, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Shepherdia rotundifolia (Elaeagnaceae), 2♂ (AMNH). Natural Bridges National Monument (at campground), 6500 ft, June 17, 1983, R. T. Schuh and M. D. Schwartz, Shepherdia rotundifola (Elaeagnaceae), 15♀ (AMNH). Natural Bridges National Monument, May 29, 1985, J. T. and D. A. Polhemus, Shepherdia canadensis (Elaeagnaceae), 16♂, 17♀ (JTP). Natural Bridges National Park, T36, 37E R17, 18E, 6300 ft, June 12, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus montanus (Rosaceae), 11♀ (AMNH). Sevier Co.: 2.3 mi N of I-70 on road to Kanosh, 6980 ft, July 16, 1980, G. M. Stonedahl, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 2♀ (OSU). Dog Spring Rd at Rt 25, 2719 m, July 16, 1980, R. T. Schuh and G. M. Stonedahl, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rhamnaceae), 11♂, 23♀ (AMNH). Jct Mytoge Mtn Rd and Hwy 25, 8850 ft, July 16, 1980, G. M. Stonedahl, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae), 6♀ (OSU). Uintah Co.: 5–10 mi SW Bonanza, 5000– 5600 ft, May 14, 1981, M. D. Schwartz, 1♀ (AMNH).

Holotype:

Male: “USA: CALIF.: San Bernardino Co., 2 mi E of Wrightwood on Rt 2, 1563 m, June 30, 1980, R. T. Schuh; ex Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Cov. ssp. californicum, det. B. Ertter 1980 (Sterculiaceae).” Deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.

Diagnosis:

Recognized by the relatively small size in combination with the pale antennae, the extensive cream-colored fascia reaching to R-M, the hind femur castaneous on distal one-half (fig. 1), and the habit of breeding on Fremontodendron. Most similar in appearance to T. bicinctus and T. susansolomonae, but distinguished from bicinctus by the entirely castanaeous hind femur in that species, and from both by size differences, as well as the different host preferences. Vesica in male also distinctive, with a single, short, bifid apical spine very similar in form to that found in bicinctus (fig. 2), but readily distinguished from that species through comparison of the overall form of the vesica.

Redescription:

Male: Moderately small; total length 3.01–3.22, length apex clypeus– cuneal fracture 2.06–2.19, width pronotum 0.98–1.06. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration castaneous; basal one-third to one-half of cuneus creamy white; clavus always with a broad, pale area just posterior to apex of scutellum, extending onto adjacent corium and forming a more-or-less continuous, pale, transverse fascia reaching to R-M vein; antennal segments 1–4 entirely pale; labium almost entirely pale; legs, including coxae pale, except distal one-half of hind femora castaneous. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 1): Dorsum moderately shining. STRUCTURE: Body appearing somewhat flattened. GENITALIA (fig. 2): Body of vesica relatively stout in comparison to most other Tuxedo spp., most similar in this respect to Tuxedo bicinctus, but longer and with a more open curve than found in that species; vesica with a single, bifid apical spine extending only short distance beyond secondary gonopore and not extending beyond envelope of vesica, form very similar to that of T. bicinctus; vesical spine in T. cruralis also of similar appearance, but longer and curving, and vesica not so stout in that species.

Female: Small; total length 2.82–3.22, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 2.0– 2.33, width pronotum 1.00–1.06. COLORATION (fig. 1): As in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE: As in generic description.

Etymology:

This species in named for Carl J. Drake who collected the first known specimens of the taxon at Fresno, California.

Host:

Known only from Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Cov. (Sterculiaceae).

Distribution:

Southern California.

Discussion:

This is the taxon that Knight (1929) identified as Microphyllelus bicinctus (Van Duzee). My analysis shows, however, that it is larger than bicinctus, contrary to Knight's assertions. As noted by Knight, drakei apparently does have a different host than bicinctus, the latter having been documented through numerous collections to breed most frequently on Ceanothus spp. and Cercocarpus spp. Tuxedo drakei, on the other hand, is so far known to breed only on Fremontodendron californicum.

Paratypes:

USA: California: Fresno Co.: Fresno, July 20, 1926, C. J. Drake, 4♂, 11♀ (USNM). Kern Co.: near Kernville, Headquarters Camp, Sequoia National Forest, May 10, 1997–June 18, 1993, W. F. Chamberlin, 4♂, 3♀ (TAMU). San Bernardino Co.: 2 mi E of Wrightwood on Rt 2, 1563 m, June 26, 1980, R. T. Schuh, Fremontodendron californicum (Sterculiaceae), 68♂, 88♀ (AMNH, USNM), holotype male (AMNH). Camp Baldy, August 8, 1950, W. C. Bentinck, 1♂ (UCB). Camp Baldy, June 12, 1916, L. J. Muchmore, Fremontodendron sp. (Sterculiaceae), 1♂, 2♀ (UCB). Ventura Co.: Ozena Camp, 3500 ft, July 4, 1961, W. E. Simmons, Fremontia sp. (Sterculiaceae), 1♀ (UCB).

Holotype:

Male: “[USA:] CALIFORNIA: Siskiyou Co., 6.9 mi S of Medicine Lake on Powder Hill Road, 19 July 1985 collectors GM Stonedahl & JD McIver; ex: Castanopsis chrysophylla (Fagaceae).” Deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.

Diagnosis:

Recognized by the extremely elongate form of the hemelytra (fig. 1), and distinguishable from all other Tuxedo species on that basis. Antennae pale, or nearly so (fig. 1). Form of the male genitalia most similar to nicholi with two apical spines pointing in opposite directions (fig. 2), but separated from that species by the lack of ornament on the left-hand spine, and more readily by the graphic differences in coloration and general conformation.

Description:

Male: Elongate, very slender; total length 3.44–3.74, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 2.23–2.35, width pronotum 0.84–0.87. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration weakly castaneous; basal one-third to one-half of cuneus creamy white; clavus always with a rounded pale area just posterior to apex of scutellum, sometimes broader and nearly parallel-sided and extending onto adjacent corium and forming a more-or-less continuous, pale, transverse fascia reaching to R-M; antennal segments 1–4 yellow to weakly reddish; labial segments 2 and 3 pale; all coxae, fore- and middle femora, and all tibiae pale; hind femora castaneous on at least distal half. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 1): Pronotum highly polished and shining, remainder of dorsum very weakly shining. STRUCTURE: Body appearing somewhat flattened; hemelytra greatly elongated, particularly cuneus, extending well past apex of abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 2): Body of vesica strongly curving basally; vesica with two apical spines, both curving and pointing in opposite directions, extending well beyond secondary gonopore and envelope of vesica, of general form most similar to that of nicholi, but left spine in that species bifid apically and with serrate shaft.

Female: Small; total length 2.47–2.66, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.68–1.76, width pronotum 0.77–0.84. COLORATION (fig. 1): As in male, except transverse fascia at apex of scutellum always broad and intense on clavus, always complete and extending to and including costal vein. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE: As in generic description.

Etymology:

Named for the very elongate hemelytra in the males.

Hosts:

Castanopsis chrysophylla A. DC. and Quercus sp. (Fagaceae).

Distribution:

Northern Oregon south though eastern California to northern Arizona.

Discussion:

This is the only species of Tuxedo in which the males have extremely elongate hemelytra. The females show no such elongation and are extremely difficult to separate from other small species such as T. bicinctus and T. drakei.

Paratypes:

USA: Arizona: Coconino Co.: 3.5 mi S of Sedona on Rt 179, T17N R6E Sec. 30, 4200 ft, June 15, 1983, R. T. Schuh and M. D. Schwartz, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 3♂, 44♀ (AMNH). Mohave Co.: Hualapi Mts., SE of Kingman, T20N R15W, 4000–6400 ft, June 9, 1983, R. T. Schuh, M. D. Schwartz, and G. M. Stonedahl, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♀ (AMNH). California: Plumas Co.: Quiney, Johnsville, August 7, 1967, H. Pini, 1♂ (CAFA). Siskiyou Co.: 6.9 mi S of Medicine Lake on Powder Hill Road, July 19, 1985, G. M. Stonedahl and J. D. McIver, Castanopsis chrysophylla (Fagaceae), 8♂, 11♀ (AMNH, USNM), holotype male (AMNH). Oregon: Deschutes Co.: Black Butte, east side, 4850 ft, October 1, 1979, J. D. Lattin, Castanopsis chrysophylla (Fagaceae), 3♀ (OSU). Hood River Co.: 6 mi S of Parkdale, T1S R10E Sec. 31, 3320 ft, August 23, 1978, J. D. Lattin, 6♀ (OSU). T2S R10E Sec. 32, 3500 ft, September 13, 1979, J. D. Lattin, 1♀ (OSU).

Holotype:

Female: “Tampico, Wash., May 10, 1926, E. W. Davis Coll.” Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.

Diagnosis:

Recognized by the relatively large size, uniformly dark coloration of the dorsum, except for the pale base of the cuneus (fig. 1); males rarely with a faint marking on the clavus. Apical vesical spine in the male genitalia with a distinct tooth (fig. 2). Most similar in appearance to dark-colored specimens of susansolomonae, but distinguished from that species by the larger size and the distally infuscate fore- and middle femora, with only the hind femora being darkened in susansolomonae.

Description:

Male: Relatively large; total length 3.32–3.84, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 2.33–2.71, width pronotum 1.01– 1.21. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration castaneous; basal one-third to one- half of cuneus creamy white; clavus infrequently with a rounded pale area just posterior to apex of scutellum, but always of limited extent and never forming a transverse fascia; antennal segments 1–4 entirely black; entire labium infuscate; all coxae pale, all femora pale proximally and infuscate on distal one- third to one-half, all tibiae weakly to strongly infuscate. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 1): Pronotum moderately shining, remainder of dorsum weakly shining. STRUCTURE: Body moderately rounded and convex in dorsal view. GENITALIA (figs. 2, 5H): Body of vesica with broad, open curve at base; vesica with a single apical spine extending well beyond secondary gonopore and envelope of vesica, spine relatively broad and with a distinct subapical tooth.

Female: Relatively large; total length 3.23–3.48, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 2.19–2.43, width pronotum 1.04–1.22. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration of dorsum frequently castaneous, as in male, but always with cunei creamy-white on basal one-third to one-half and with transverse fascia at apex of scutellum always broad and complete, extending to and including costal margin of wing; pronotum sometimes with a broad, pale brown or yellowish band across posterior lobe, in which case hemelytra ranging from faded castaneous to pale brown; all antennal segments, and legs, including coxae, pale except for castaneous distal half of hind femur. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE: As in generic description.

Host:

Known from Quercus spp. (Fagaceae).

Distribution:

Eastern Washington south to San Luis Obispo County, California.

Discussion:

Schuh (2001) noted that it is unfortunate that the holotype of T. flavicollis from Tampico, Washington (near Yakima), is a female and in poor condition. Subsequent to writing that statement other material from H. H. Knight's collection has come to light, also collected at Tampico, Washington. Included is one male with the same collection data as the holotype female, and three males and one female collected by A. R. Rolfs on May 21, 1932. None of these specimens has host data. The Rolfs specimens bear identification labels that read “Plagiognathus cruralis Van D. Det. H. H. Knight.” There is no date on the ID labels, so it impossible to know when Knight made the determinations; however, the style of the locality and ID labeling is more modern than that for the material collected by E. W. Davis on which the original description of Microphyllelus flavicollis was based, so I would conclude that the cruralis identifications postdate the publication of the description of T. flavicollis.

It is my opinion that all of the specimens from Tampico, Washington, referred to above represent T. flavicollis. This judgment is based on the similarity in appearance of the female holotype of flavicollis and the female specimen collected by Rolfs. The dimensions of these specimens are also very similar: holotype (measurements from Knight, 1929)— total length 3.40, width head 0.78, width vertex 0.37; Rolfs female—total length 3.43, width head 0.77, width vertex 0.37. The specimens from Tampico, Washington are among the largest of all known Tuxedo specimens. A substantial amount of material of similar dimension is known from central California, especially from the coastal counties with labels indicating collection on Quercus spp. In the north, specimens in this size range are known from Hood River County, Oregon, and from Tampico, Yakima County, Washington. The male genitalia of the Tampico specimens are very similar to the large specimens from California (fig. 2), and differ consistently from the much more widely distributed, commonly-collected, and consistently smaller oak feeder I am calling susansolomonae, new species (see fig. 2).

Specimens Examined:

USA: California: Alameda Co.: 10 mi E of Livermore, Tesla Road, April 18, 1962, J. Doyen, 1♂, 1♀ (UCB). Butte Co.: Chico, April 28, 1922, E. P. Van Duzee, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♂, 11♀ (CAS). Oroville, April 27, 1927, H. H. Keifer, Quercus lobata (Fagaceae), 3♀ (CAFA, CAS). Oroville, April 29, 1927, H. H. Keifer, Quercus lobata (Fagaceae), 2♀ (USNM). Calaveras Co.: Altaville, May 4, 1961, W. E. Simonds, 1♂ (CAFA). Contra Costa Co.: Concord, April 17, 1963, R. M. Brown, 5♂, 2♀ (CAS). Russellman Park, May 14, 1955, H. B. Leech, 1♀ (CAS). Walnut Creek (San Ramon Cr.), April 7, 1968, J. Powell, Quercus lobata (Fagaceae), 1♂, 1♀ (UCB). Walnut Creek, foot of Shell Ridge, April 22, 1962, J. Powell, 21♂ (UCB). Kern Co.: Tehachapi Mts., 4200–5200 ft, May 15, 1976, N. J. Reimer, 1♂ (UCB). Lake Co.: Little Borax Lake, May 9, 1951, J. D. Lattin, 1♀ (OSU). Lower Lake, May 18, 1922, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♀ (CAS). Middletown, April 9, 1970, P. W. Wiard, 3♂ (CAFA). Mendocino Co.: 5 mi N of Branscomb, May 25, 1976, S. Szerlip, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 4♂, 7♀ (UCB). Hopland Experiment Station, 2500– 2800 ft, May 14, 1977, K. Yagi, 3♂, 5♀ (CAS). Merced Co.: 5 mi S of Hilmar, April 22, 1956, J. I. Stage, 1♂, 2♀ (CAS). Monterey Co.: 5 air mi NE of Arroyo Seco Guard Station, 800 ft, May 4, 1975, P. Rude and E. Rogers, Quercus douglasii (Fagaceae), 5♂, 2♀ (CAS, UCB). 6 mi W of Greenfield, Wiley Ranch, 1200 ft, May 3, 1975, J. Powell and S. Szerlip, Quercus douglasii (Fagaceae), 10♂, 7♀ (UCB). Bryson, May 20, 1920, E. P. Van Duzee, 2♀ (CAS). Paraiso Springs, April 14, 1932, L. S. Slevin, 1♀ (CAS). Santa Lucia Memorial Camp, Lost Padres Natl. Forest, April 23, 1977, D. Wilder, 1♂ (CAS). Placer Co.: Auburn, May 19, 1967, T. A. Sears, 1♂ (UCD). Sacramento Co.: Andrus Island, March 31, 1931, Rosaceae, 1♀ (CAFA). Arcade Creek, April 2, 1934, H. H. Keifer, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♀ (CAFA). Fair Oaks, April 15, 1933, H. H. Keifer, Quercus wizlenzii (Fagaceae), 4♂ (CAFA). Sacramento, April 9, 1930, H. H. Keifer, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 3♀ (CAFA). San Luis Obispo Co.: E of Arroyo Grande, Huasna Valley, Avenales Guard Station Jct., 840 ft, May 9, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 1♂, 15♀ (AMNH). San Mateo Co.: Portola Valley, May 4, 1917, W. M. Giffard, 1♀ (CAS). Santa Clara Co.: Stanford University, April 16, 1915, 1♂, 1♀ (USNM). Santa Cruz Co.: No specific locality, June 7, 1917, W. M. Giffard, 1♂ (USNM). Shasta Co.: Redding, April 14, 1968, R. P. Allen, 1♂ (CAFA). Sonoma Co.: Petaluma Marsh, April 24, 1980, J. T. Polhemus, 1♀ (JTP). Stanislaus Co.: Del Puerto Canyon, Frank Raines Park, 1200 ft, April 12, 1974, D. Green, 1♂ (UCB). Tehama Co.: 0.3 mi N of Red Bluff, 304 ft, April 14, 1981, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 2♂, 4♀ (AMNH). Red Bluff, jct Rts 36 and 15, April 26, 1980, L. Russell and M. D. Schwartz, Quercus garryana (Fagaceae), 2♀ (AMNH). Ventura Co.: Casitas Reserve, N end, March 15, 1967, P. A. Opler, 1♂ (UCB). Yolo Co.: Putah Canyon, April 6, 1957, J. Powell, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♂, 2♀ (UCB). Oregon: Hood River Co.: Hood River, May 21, 1893, 1♀ (CNC). Washington: Yakima Co.: Tampico, May 10, 1926, E. W. Davis, 1♂, holotype ♀. Tampico, May 21, 1932, A. R. Rolfs, 3♂, 1♀ (USNM).

Holotype:

Male: [USA]: “S. Catalina Mts., Alt. 3200, Ariz., Apr. 25, 1926, A. A. Nichol.” Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.

Diagnosis:

Recognized by the “faded” background coloration, the dorsum variably medium to pale brown (fig. 1) and unlike castaneous background coloration in all other known species. Apical vesical spines most similar in form to those of elongatus (fig. 2), but left spine in that species not bifid apically and lacking serrations on shaft.

Description:

Male: Medium size; total length 2.84–3.07, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.86–2.10, width pronotum 0.84–0.93. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration variably brownish to yellowish, not so strongly contrasting with pale areas as in other Tuxedo spp.; basal one-third to one-half of cuneus creamy white; clavus always with a pale area just posterior to apex of scutellum extending onto adjacent corium and forming a continuous, pale, transverse fascia reaching to and including costal vein; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale, segments 3 and 4 infuscate; labial segments 2 and 3 pale; legs, including coxae, pale, except hind femora weakly to moderately infuscate on distal one-half. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 1): Pronotum moderately shining, remainder of dorsum weakly shining. STRUCTURE: Body rounded and convex in dorsal view. GENITALIA (fig. 2): Vesica with two apical spines, both curving and pointing in opposite directions, extending well beyond secondary gonopore and surrounding envelope of vesica; left spine bifid apically and with serrate shaft; form of spines most similar to those of nicholi, but both spines in that species without ornament.

Female: Medium size; total length 2.64, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.82– 2.00, width pronotum 0.90–0.97. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration of dorsum partially to almost entirely yellowish; cuneus always creamy-white on basal one- third to one-half, castaneous distally; transverse fascia at apex of scutellum always broad and complete, extending to and including costal vein; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale, yellowish, segments 3 and 4 infuscate; coloration of legs as in male, except hind femur very weakly infuscate distally. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE: As in generic description.

Hosts:

Quercus spp. (Fagaceae).

Distribution:

Southern California east to Arizona and southern Utah.

Discussion:

Tuxedo nicholi is unique among its congeners in being largely brownish and/or yellowish. It nonetheless has all of the other diagnostic features of the group.

Specimens Examined:

USA: Arizona: Cochise Co.: vicinity of Portal, 1500–1700 m, May 2, 1978–May 7, 1978, R. T. Schuh, Quercus oblongifolia (Fagaceae), 13♂, 8♀ (AMNH). Maricopa Co.: 4 Peaks Road, mile 6, April 25, 1983, J. T. Polhemus, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♀ (JTP). Salt River Canyon at Apache Lake, 2000 ft, April 26, 1981, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, 8♂ (JTP). Pima Co.: 2 mi N of Molino Canyon Campground, Santa Catalina Mts., April 10, 1989, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus cf. oblongifolia (Fagaceae), 2♂, 2♀ (USNM). Sabino Canyon, Baboquivari Mountains, April 20, 1982, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, Quercus arizonica (Fagaceae), 6♂, 1♀ (JTP). Santa Catalina Mountains, 2700 ft, May 5, 1926, A. A. Nichol, 2♂, 7♀ (USNM, CNC). Santa Catalina Mountains, Geology Vista Point, 2042 m, May 15, 2000, May 23, 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus hypoleucoides (Fagaceae), 10♂, 45♀ (AMNH, CNC). Santa Catalina Mountains, Molino Basin Campground, April 8, 1989, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus oblongifolia (Fagaceae), 7♂, 7♀ (USNM). Tucson, May 12, 1929, E. D. Ball, 2♀ (USNM). Tucson, May 3, 1924, A. A. Nichol, 1♂, 1♀ (USNM). California: Riverside Co.: Deep Canyon, 8 mi N Jct Deep Cr. and Horsethief Cr., T7S R6E Sec. 6, 2960 ft, May 17, 1975, J. D. Pinto, 3♂ (UCR). Deep Canyon, Cactus Spring Trail between Hwy 74 and Horsethief Creek, May 31, 1975, J. D. Pinto, 4♂, 6♀ (UCR). Deep Canyon, Trail from Hwy 74, T7S R5E Sec. 1, 2960–3680 ft, May 1, 1976, J. D. Pinto, 16♂, 13♀ (UCR). Snow Creek, White Water, 1500 ft, April 6, 1955, W. R. Richards, 3♂, 2♀ (CNC). Utah: Washington Co.: Zion National Park, 7 mi NE St Rt 15 on Kolob Reserve Rd, 4000–5000 ft, May 25, 1981, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus gambelli (Fagaceae), 6♂, 8♀ (AMNH).

Holotype:

Male: “USA: California: San Diego Co.: Cibbets Flat Cmpgrd on Kimball Crk Rd, 1280 m, April 29, 1985, R. T. Schuh; Quercus agrifolia var. oxydenia (Torr.) Howell, det. K. Nixon 1985 (Fagaceae).” Deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.

Diagnosis:

Recognized by the possession of a dark antennal segment 2 and a more-or- less complete cream-colored fascia on the hemelytra near the apex of the scutellum (fig. 1). Most similar in size and coloration of the antennae to flavicollis, but that species with at most a faint pale marking on the clavus instead of an extensive transverse fascia and with all femora infuscate distally rather than with fore- and middle femora pale as in susansolomonae. Vesica in susansolomonae distinctive for possessing two superposed, unornamented apical spines of unequal length (fig. 2).

Description:

Male: Medium size; total length 2.86–3.26, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.94–2.25, width pronotum 0.84– 1.01. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration castaneous; basal one-third to one- half of cuneus creamy white; clavus always with a rounded pale area just posterior to apex of scutellum, sometimes broader and nearly parallel-sided and extending onto adjacent corium and forming a more-or-less continuous, pale, transverse fascia reaching to the R-M vein; antennal segments 1–4 usually entirely black, rarely not so dark; labial segments 2 and 3 pale; all coxae, fore- and middle femora, and all tibiae pale; hind femora ranging from castaneous on distal half to entirely castaneous. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 1, 5F): Pronotum moderately shining, remainder of dorsum weakly shining; ventral posterior surface of genital capsule with field of peglike spinules (fig. 5H). STRUCTURE: Body moderately elevated and convex in dorsal view; head as in figure 5A, C; meso- metathoracic pleuron as figure 5D; distal portion of dorsal surface of hind femur as figure 5G; claws as figure 5E. GENITALIA (fig. 2): Vesica with two apical spines extending well beyond secondary gonopore and envelope of vesica, anterior spine much longer than posterior and superposed over it, both spines slender, attenuated, and weakly bent near apex, without ornament.

Female: Medium size; total length 2.69– 3.18, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.80–2.17, width pronotum 0.91–1.04. COLORATION (fig. 1): Background coloration of dorsum frequently castaneous, as in male, pronotum sometimes with a broad, pale brown or yellowish band across posterior lobe, in which case hemelytra ranging from faded castaneous to pale brown and scutellum sometimes reddish orange; cunei always creamy white on basal one-third to one-half; transverse fascia at apex of scutellum always broad and complete, extending to and including costal vein; all antennal segments pale, dull orange to yellowish; coloration of legs as in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE (fig. 5B): As in generic description.

Etymology:

Named for Susan Solomon, wife of trustee Peter Solomon, of the American Museum of Natural History, in recognition of their generosity in funding the study of terrestrial arthropods at the Museum.

Hosts:

Quercus spp. (Fagaceae). Also known from Lithocarpus sp. (Fagaceae). The single record from Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) is almost certainly not a breeding host.

Distribution:

Southeastern Washington south to northern Baja California Norte, Mexico, east to central Arizona.

Discussion:

This is one of the most common species in the collections I have examined. Nonetheless, it seems to have remained undescribed, possibly because of its narrow host range on Quercus spp. and its appearance relatively early in the year.

Paratypes:

MEXICO: Baja California Norte: Tecate, 6.3 mi S of El Condor, 4000 ft, May 15, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae), 1♂ (AMNH). USA: Arizona: Gila Co.: 2 mi W of Miami, 3800 ft, May 4, 1979, J. D. Pinto and E. M. Fisher, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 6♂, 8♀ (UCR). 8 mi SW jct Rts 87 and 188 (off Rt 87), Tonto Natl. Forest, 4000 ft, May 27, 1983, R. T. Schuh and G. M. Stonedahl, Quercus turbinella (Fagaceae), 1♀ (AMNH). Maricopa Co.: 4 Peaks Road, mile 6, April 25, 1983, J. T. Polhemus, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 7♂, 4♀ (JTP). Mohave Co.: SE of Kingman, T20N R15W, 4000–4400 ft, June 9, 1983, R. T. Schuh, M. D. Schwartz, and G. M. Stonedahl, Quercus oblongifolia (Fagaceae), 36♂, 42♀ (AMNH). Navajo Co.: 20 mi SW of Show Low, 5200–6000 ft, May 10, 1983, R. T. Schuh, G. M. Stonedahl, B. M. Massie, Quercus arizonica (Fagaceae), 18♂, 72♀ (AMNH). Pima Co.: Santa Catalina Mountains, near Bear Canyon Rd NE of Tuscson, 5500 ft, June 1, 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 17♀ (USNM). Santa Catalina Mountains, Catalina Hwy near Willow Canyon Circle, 6500 ft, June 1, 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 4♂, 6♀ (USNM). Santa Catalina Mountains, Mt. Lemon Rd, milepost 19, 7600 ft, June 12, 1983, R. T. Schuh and M. D. Schwartz, Quercus reticulata (Fagaceae), 18♂, 4♀ (AMNH). Santa Catalina Mountains, Windy Point Vista, 6300 ft, June 12, 1983, R. T. Schuh and M. D. Schwartz, Quercus hypoleucoides (Fagaceae), 15♀ (AMNH). Santa Catalina Mts., Catalina Hwy, 7 mi N of Molino Canyon Lookout, 5500 ft, June 1, 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 7♂, 14♀ (USNM). Tucson, motel window, May 31, 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 1♂, 4♀ (USNM). Yavapai Co.: 15.8 mi S of Ash Fork on Rt 89, June 4, 1983, G. M. Stonedahl, Quercus turbinella (Fagaceae), 3♂, 50♀ (AMNH). California: Butte Co.: Oroville, April 29, 1927, H. H. Keifer, 1♀ (CAS). El Dorado Co.: 3.0–6.0 mi S of Camp Richardson on Angora Ridge and Fallen Leaf Roads, July 7, 1994, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae), 3♂, 7♀ (CNC). Coloma, May 14, 1955, D. L. Dahlsten, 1♀ (UCD). Glenn Co.: 10 mi W of Elk Creek, June 7, 1984, J. D. Pinto, 1♀ (UCR). Humboldt Co.: 2 mi S of Honeydew, June 4, 1984, J. D. Pinto, Lithocarpus sp. (Fagaceae), 2♂, 4♀ (UCR). Harris, June 29, 1907, Bradley, 1♂ (USNM). Inyo Co.: 9 mi W of Rt 395 at Tulare Co. line near Chimney Peak Ranger Station, 2000 m, July 1, 1980, R. T. Schuh, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 32♂, 46♀ (AMNH). Kern Co.: 5 mi N of Kernville, May 15, 1963, J. Powell, Quercus wizlenzii (Fagaceae), 4♂, 11♀ (UCB). Lebec, 4000 ft, May 15, 1928, J. O. Martin, 1♂ (CAS). Lebec, Tejon Pass, 4000 ft, May 16, 1928, 1♂ (UCB). Kings Co.: 8 mi SSW of Avenal, T23S R16E, April 10, 1980, Andrews and Kuba, 1♀ (CAFA, UCB). Lake Co.: Middletown, April 9, 1970, H. W. Wiard, 1♀ (AMNH). Los Angeles Co.: 0.9 mi W of Wrightwood on Rt 2, 2031 m, June 30, 1980, R. T. Schuh, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 33♂, 44♀ (AMNH). 5 mi E of Saugus, Mint Canyon, April 20, 1932, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♀ (CAS). Glendora, May 3, 1937, C. E. Norland, 10♂, 3♀ (LACM). Oaks, Mint Canyon, April 20, 1932, E. P. Van Duzee, 2♀ (CAS). Pasadena, June 5, 1909, Grinnell, 3♂ (CAS). Madera Co.: 1.8 mi SE Rt 41 at Rt 274 and Pettit Rd, 3400 ft, May 22, 2001, T. J. Henry, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 13♂, 6♀ (USNM). Maricopa Co.: Salt River Canyon at Apache Lake, 2000 ft, April 28, 1981, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, 3♂, (JTP). Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, June 15, 1938, N. A. Olson, 1♀ (UCB). Mendocino Co.: 1 mi N of Pierce, May 20, 1976, R. Wharton, 1♀ (UCB). Hopland Field Station, Kelsey Cab. Orchard area, 2500–2800 ft, May 14, 1977, J. Yoakley and C. Nawalinski, Quercus lobata (Fagaceae), 2♂ (UCB). Monterey Co.: Paraiso Springs, April 18, 1932, L. S. Slavin, 1♀ (CAS). Orange Co.: Cleveland Natl. Forest, 1.5 mi E of San Juan Campground, 500 m, May 12, 1978, J. D. Pinto and R. T. Schuh, 2♀ (AMNH). Cleveland Natl. Forest, El Cariso Campground, 750 m, May 12, 1978, J. D. Pinto and R. T. Schuh, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 2♂, 19♀ (AMNH). Placer Co.: Tahoe, G Alpine Creek, July 5, 1915, E. P. Van Duzee, 2♂, 1♀ (UCB). Riverside Co.: 2 mi N of Poppet Flat on Rt 243, May 22, 1976, J. D. Pinto, Quercus dumosa (Fagaceae), 2♂, 8♀ (UCR). 3 mi W of Murrietta, Tenaja Road, 345 m, May 12, 1978, J. D. Pinto and R. T. Schuh, Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae), 4♀ (AMNH). 4 mi W of Murrietta, 1800 ft, April 29, 1966, E. I. Schlinger, 1♀ (UCR). 6 mi W of Murietta, Santa Rosa Plateau Area, 625 m, May 1, 1985, R. T. Schuh and J. D. Pinto, Quercus dumosa (Fagaceae), 8♀ (AMNH). Cleveland Natl. Forest, el Cariso Campground on Hwy 74, 2500 ft, May 12, 1978, J. D. Pinto, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 9♂, (UCR). Menifee Valley (hills on W end), April 19, 1979, J. D. Pinto, 1♂, 4♀ (UCR). San Jacinto Mountains, June 30, 1933, R. H. Beamer, 1♂ (KU). San Jacinto Mountains, jct of Two Pines Rd and Rt 243, 1200 m, May 20, 2000, M. D. Schwartz Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 3♀ (CNC). San Jacinto Mountains, Pinon Flat, May 21, 1941, R. L. Usinger, Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae), 5♀ (UCB). San Jacinto Mountains, San Jacinto River, 3000 ft, May 30, 1940, R. L. Usinger, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 10♀ (UCB). Tin Mine Canyon, April 6, 1968, P. A. Rauch, 1♂ (UCR). Sacramento Co.: Arcade Creek, April 2, 1934, H. H. Keifer, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♀ (CAFA). San Benito Co.: 2 mi NE of New Idria, April 24, 1964, J. Doyen, 3♂ (UCB). San Bernardino Co.: 1.5 mi N of Cajon Pass Summit on I-15, 1310 m, May 2, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 1♂, 9♀ (AMNH). 2 mi E of Camp Angelus, June 18, 1978, J. D. Pinto, 1♀ (UCR). 8 mi SE of Ivanpah, Lanfair Valley, May 25, 1977, Saul Frommer, 1♀ (UCR). 9 mi S of Hesperia, Mojave River Forks Recreation Area, 720 m, May 2, 1985, R. T. Schuh, Quercus wizlenzii (Fagaceae), 4♂, 63♀ (AMNH). San Diego Co.: 3.5 mi S of Henshaw Dam on S7, 1220 m, April 30, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus engelmanni (Fagaceae), 2♂, 7♀ (AMNH). Boulder Oaks Campground on Old Hwy 80, 970 m, May 21, 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 2♀ (CNC). Cibbets Flat Campground on Kimball Creek Road, 1280 m, April 29, 1985, R. T. Schuh, Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae), 40♂, 13♀ (AMNH), holotype male (AMNH). Just above Henshaw Dam on S7, 900 m, April 30, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus dumosa (Fagaceae), 9♂, 19♀ (AMNH). Just S of Santa Ysabel, 1060 m, April 30, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae), 1♂, 13♀ (AMNH). Kimball Creek Road at Kimball Creek, 1190 m, April 29, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae), 2♂, 2♀ (AMNH). Mt. Palomar, June 28, 1963, J. Powell, Prunus emarginata (Rosaceae), 1♀ (UCB). Oak Grove Campground, Cleveland Natl. Forest, April 22, 1980, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 10♂, 2♀ (AMNH). Oak Grove, Cleveland Natl. Forest, April 22, 1980, Russell and Schwartz, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 28♂, 17♀ (OSU). Pala, April 13, 1965, J. Powell, 1♂ (UCB). Palomar Mt., 3 mi up East Grade Road, May 17, 1979, Brown and Faulkner, 1♀ (SDNH). S1 at Old Rt. 80 N of Morena Lake, 1000 m, April 29, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae), 17♂, 25♀ (AMNH). Santa Rosa Mts., 6200 ft, May 31, 1940, R. L. Usinger, 6♂, 2♀ (UCB). San Luis Obispo Co.: 10.5 mi SE of Santa Margarita, May 16, 1980, J. D. Pinto, 1♂, 1♀ (UCR). 3 mi W of Paso Robles, April 28, 1968, D. Veirs, 2♂ (UCB). Avenales Guard Station Jct, Huasna Valley E of Arroyo Grande, 840 m, May 9, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus douglasii (Fagaceae), 1♂, (AMNH). Santa Barbara Co.: Upper Oso Campground off Rt 154, 310 m, May 7, 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus dumosa (Fagaceae), 1♂, 10♀ (AMNH). Tulare Co.: 5.7 mi N of Kernville, Hospital Flat Campground, April 28, 1978, J. D. Pinto, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♂, 1♀ (UCR). 9 mi S of Fairview, April 30, 1964, R. L. Langston, Quercus wizlenzii (Fagaceae), 10♂, 8♀ (UCB). Woodlake, April 24, 1932, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♀ (CAS). Ventura Co.: Westlake Village, May 16, 1969, E. L. Paddock, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 5♀ (CAFA). Wheeler Hot Springs, Ojai, 1500 ft, May 20, 1954, Bryant, 3♀ (CAS). Yolo Co.: Rumsey, April 21, 1973, L. T. Wilson, 4♀ (UCD). Oregon: Hood River Co.: Hood River, May 21, 1893, 1♀ (USNM). Jackson Co.: Table Rock, May 18, 1960, Joe Schuh, 1♀ (OSU). Josephine Co.: just S of Rough and Ready Wayside S of Cave Junction, June 12, 1979, R. T. Schuh, Quercus vaccinifolia (Fagaceae), 6♀ (AMNH). Klamath Co.: Klamath Falls, Geary Ranch, June 22, 1956, Joe Schuh, 1♀ (OSU). Wasco Co.: Tyghe Valley, May 24, 1959, Joe Schuh, 1♀ (OSU). Washington: Yakima Co.: 5 mi W of Naches, 1500 ft, May 14, 1981, J. D. Lattin, Quercus garryana (Fagaceae), 3♀ (OSU).